Dark labs Crack Pre Workout

*Citrulline Malate (2:1) - Citrulline, along with arginine and ornithine, is one of the three dietary amino acids involved in the urea cycle. It plays a crucial role in improving ammonia recycling and nitric oxide metabolism. By increasing plasma levels of ornithine and arginine, citrulline can be beneficial in situations where nitric oxide plays a key role, such as enhancing athletic performance, promoting vascular health, and addressing erectile dysfunction. [1,2,3]

*Beta-Alanine - Beta-alanine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that is synthesized in the liver and can also be obtained from animal-based foods or supplements. In the muscle and other organs, beta-alanine combines with histidine to form carnosine, which acts as a buffer during high-intensity exercise. By enhancing muscular endurance, beta-alanine can contribute to improved performance during intense workouts. [4,5,6]

*Agmatine Sulfate - Agmatine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator derived from L-arginine through decarboxylation. It exerts its effects through various mechanisms, including the inhibition of NMDA receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and imidazoline receptors. Additionally, agmatine inhibits nitric oxide synthase enzymes and certain serotonin receptors, and it modulates calcium channels. These actions allow agmatine to regulate nitric oxide levels and contribute to its overall physiological effects. [7,8,9]

*Arginine Nitrate - L-arginine is an amino acid naturally found in animal-based foods and is involved in protein synthesis. When nitric oxide is released in the body, it promotes vasodilation, allowing blood vessels to open wide and improve blood flow. Arginine nitrate provides a source of arginine, supporting the production of nitric oxide and potentially enhancing circulation.

*Beet Root Powder - Beetroot has been shown to improve exercise performance in various contexts. It has the potential to reduce fatigue during continuous muscle contractions, making it particularly beneficial for anaerobic cardiovascular exercise and muscular endurance events. Additionally, beetroot has been linked to improved endurance exercise performance. [10,11,12]

*L-Norvaline - L-norvaline is often included in supplements used by bodybuilders to enhance workouts and aid in recovery.

*Caffeine Anhydrous - Caffeine anhydrous is a form of caffeine known for its stimulating effects. It enhances energy levels, focus, mood, and motivation, and has been shown to increase power output and endurance in trained athletes.

*Sceletium Tortuosum Extract (Root) - Sceletium tortuosum extract, derived from the root of the plant, has been associated with mood enhancement, cognitive function, memory support, and potential benefits in managing anxiety and depression. [13]

*Grains of Paradise - Aframomum melegueta, commonly known as Grains of Paradise, has shown potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. While its anti-estrogen and aphrodisiac properties are preliminary and less potent than other herbs, they are not yet fully proven.